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近幾年來(lai)，我國(guo)(guo)工程(cheng)機(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)行(xing)(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)規模得(de)到(dao)快速(su)增長，2020年全(quan)行(xing)(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)完成營業(ye)(ye)(ye)收入(ru)達(da)到(dao)7751億元，同比(bi)增長16%，達(da)到(dao)歷(li)史最(zui)高(gao)(gao)水平。7月初，《工程(cheng)機(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)行(xing)(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)“十(shi)四(si)五(wu)”發(fa)(fa)(fa)展規劃(hua)》正式發(fa)(fa)(fa)布，《規劃(hua)》預計到(dao)2025年中國(guo)(guo)工程(cheng)機(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)行(xing)(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)營業(ye)(ye)(ye)收入(ru)將(jiang)達(da)到(dao)9000億元人民幣，雖(sui)然工程(cheng)機(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)行(xing)(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展有著(zhu)良好的(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展勢頭，但也面臨著(zhu)新(xin)(xin)的(de)挑(tiao)戰，尤其是中國(guo)(guo)在轉向高(gao)(gao)質量(liang)(liang)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展的(de)道路上，“十(shi)四(si)五(wu)”工程(cheng)機(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)行(xing)(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)“鋼需”的(de)高(gao)(gao)質量(liang)(liang)轉型將(jiang)迎來(lai)了新(xin)(xin)的(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展機(ji)(ji)遇。

　　工程機械行(xing)業迎來發展“新動力(310328)”

　　近(jin)十(shi)(shi)(shi)年來(lai)我國(guo)(guo)工(gong)程(cheng)機(ji)械(xie)行(xing)(xing)(xing)業(ye)得到了快速的發(fa)展(zhan)，“十(shi)(shi)(shi)三(san)五”期間我國(guo)(guo)工(gong)程(cheng)機(ji)械(xie)行(xing)(xing)(xing)業(ye)產業(ye)規模達(da)到了7751億(yi)元，比“十(shi)(shi)(shi)二五”增長(chang)(chang)了69.6%，其(qi)中，工(gong)程(cheng)機(ji)械(xie)進出口總(zong)額達(da)到1260億(yi)美(mei)元，比“十(shi)(shi)(shi)二五”增長(chang)(chang)了4.39%，其(qi)中出口累計1059億(yi)美(mei)元，增長(chang)(chang)13.4%，進口累計201億(yi)美(mei)元，下降26.45%。“十(shi)(shi)(shi)四五”我國(guo)(guo)將(jiang)開啟(qi)(qi)全面建(jian)設(she)社會主義現代化國(guo)(guo)家(jia)新征程(cheng)，工(gong)程(cheng)機(ji)械(xie)行(xing)(xing)(xing)業(ye)的發(fa)展(zhan)將(jiang)處于一個新的起(qi)點(dian)，同(tong)時也將(jiang)開啟(qi)(qi)全方(fang)位的發(fa)展(zhan)時代，智(zhi)能化、大數(shu)據、5G等新技術將(jiang)賦予我國(guo)(guo)工(gong)程(cheng)機(ji)械(xie)行(xing)(xing)(xing)業(ye)新的發(fa)展(zhan)動力。

　　“十四五”我國經濟(ji)(ji)將(jiang)由高(gao)(gao)速增(zeng)長階段(duan)轉向高(gao)(gao)質量發展(zhan)(zhan)階段(duan)，同(tong)時(shi)也對工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)機(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)行(xing)業(ye)的(de)發展(zhan)(zhan)提出了更高(gao)(gao)的(de)要求(qiu)(qiu)，工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)機(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)行(xing)業(ye)必須進(jin)行(xing)質量變革來提高(gao)(gao)內生(sheng)增(zeng)長的(de)動力，從而實現高(gao)(gao)質量的(de)發展(zhan)(zhan)之路。 “十四五”我國經濟(ji)(ji)發展(zhan)(zhan)空間巨大(da)(da)，基礎設(she)(she)施建設(she)(she)規(gui)模依然(ran)龐(pang)大(da)(da)，工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)機(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)市場仍處(chu)于(yu)上(shang)升期，存量更新(xin)(xin)和(he)新(xin)(xin)增(zeng)需求(qiu)(qiu)并重。面對“十四五”我國經濟(ji)(ji)發展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)新(xin)(xin)形勢和(he)新(xin)(xin)要求(qiu)(qiu)，工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)機(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)行(xing)業(ye)將(jiang)實施六大(da)(da)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)化(hua)(hua)創新(xin)(xin)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)：新(xin)(xin)型高(gao)(gao)技(ji)術工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)機(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)創新(xin)(xin)先(xian)導工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)；工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)機(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)智能制(zhi)造(zao)推進(jin)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)；工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)機(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)可(ke)靠(kao)性提升工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)；工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)機(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)檢測、試驗與評價(jia)數字化(hua)(hua)平臺(tai)建設(she)(she)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)；工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)機(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)鏈(lian)強基發展(zhan)(zhan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)；工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)機(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)互(hu)聯網應用平臺(tai)建設(she)(she)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。與此同(tong)時(shi)，也將(jiang)繼續進(jin)行(xing)供給側結構性改革，積極立足新(xin)(xin)發展(zhan)(zhan)階段(duan)，全(quan)面貫徹新(xin)(xin)發展(zhan)(zhan)理念，在加(jia)快構建以國內大(da)(da)循(xun)環為(wei)主體、國內國際雙循(xun)環相互(hu)促進(jin)的(de)新(xin)(xin)發展(zhan)(zhan)格局中(zhong)展(zhan)(zhan)現新(xin)(xin)作為(wei)。

　　工程機械行業“鋼(gang)需”迎來(lai)新機遇

　　工(gong)(gong)(gong)程機械(xie)(xie)(xie)是裝(zhuang)(zhuang)備工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)的重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要組成部(bu)分，通常來說凡土(tu)石(shi)方(fang)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程、路面建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)與養護(hu)、流動式起重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)卸(xie)作業(ye)和(he)(he)各種建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑工(gong)(gong)(gong)程所需(xu)的綜合性機械(xie)(xie)(xie)化(hua)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程所必(bi)需(xu)的機械(xie)(xie)(xie)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)備，稱為(wei)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程機械(xie)(xie)(xie)，主(zhu)要用(yong)于國防建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程、交(jiao)通運輸(shu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)，能源工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)和(he)(he)生(sheng)產、礦(kuang)山(shan)等原材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)和(he)(he)生(sheng)產、農林(lin)水利建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)、工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)與民(min)用(yong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑、城(cheng)市建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)、環境保護(hu)等領域。工(gong)(gong)(gong)程機械(xie)(xie)(xie)主(zhu)要包括挖掘機械(xie)(xie)(xie)，鏟土(tu)運輸(shu)機械(xie)(xie)(xie)，工(gong)(gong)(gong)程起重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機械(xie)(xie)(xie)，工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)車輛(liang)，壓實機械(xie)(xie)(xie)，樁工(gong)(gong)(gong)機械(xie)(xie)(xie)，混(hun)凝土(tu)機械(xie)(xie)(xie)等，工(gong)(gong)(gong)程機械(xie)(xie)(xie)作為(wei)鋼(gang)材(cai)(cai)(cai)消費較多的行業(ye)，其中(zhong)，中(zhong)厚板材(cai)(cai)(cai)占(zhan)50%；管(guan)材(cai)(cai)(cai)（無縫(feng)鋼(gang)管(guan)和(he)(he)厚管(guan)），占(zhan)10%；棒材(cai)(cai)(cai)占(zhan)13%；熱(re)軋(ya)薄板和(he)(he)冷軋(ya)薄板占(zhan)20%；其他鋼(gang)材(cai)(cai)(cai)約(yue)占(zhan)7%。

　　隨著(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)(xie)行業的(de)(de)不斷發(fa)展，其用(yong)(yong)(yong)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)強度級(ji)(ji)別(bie)也越來(lai)越高，工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)(xie)用(yong)(yong)(yong)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)也向高強高韌方(fang)向發(fa)展。國內工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)(xie)用(yong)(yong)(yong)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)的(de)(de)開(kai)發(fa)起(qi)步(bu)較晚，趙(zhao)氏機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)(xie)法蘭打圈機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、扁鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)角鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)法蘭機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)進步(bu)神速，近二三十年來(lai)陸續引進國外工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)(xie)制造技(ji)術(shu)后，我國工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)(xie)用(yong)(yong)(yong)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)才逐漸打破了以(yi)Q235和Q345低級(ji)(ji)別(bie)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)為主的(de)(de)狀態。目(mu)前，已開(kai)發(fa)出了600、700、800、1000MPa及以(yi)上多個級(ji)(ji)別(bie)的(de)(de)高強度工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)(xie)用(yong)(yong)(yong)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)，600MPa級(ji)(ji)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)(xie)用(yong)(yong)(yong)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)主要用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)制造大(da)型(xing)(xing)起(qi)重(zhong)吊車、推土(tu)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、刮板運輸(shu)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、液壓支(zhi)(zhi)架等，700MPa級(ji)(ji)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)(xie)用(yong)(yong)(yong)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)主要用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)起(qi)重(zhong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)吊臂、大(da)型(xing)(xing)挖掘機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、大(da)型(xing)(xing)液壓支(zhi)(zhi)架等，800MPa級(ji)(ji)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)(xie)用(yong)(yong)(yong)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)主要用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)推土(tu)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)起(qi)重(zhong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、重(zhong)型(xing)(xing)汽車和牙(ya)輪鉆機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)等，1000MPa級(ji)(ji)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)(xie)用(yong)(yong)(yong)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)主要用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)煤礦液壓支(zhi)(zhi)架、工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)(xie)的(de)(de)耐磨(mo)部位等。

　　目前來看，我(wo)國工(gong)(gong)(gong)程機(ji)械(xie)行(xing)業(ye)在核(he)(he)(he)心(xin)(xin)基(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)零部(bu)件、先進(jin)基(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝、關鍵(jian)基(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)材(cai)料(liao)以(yi)及(ji)高(gao)(gao)端(duan)制造(zao)裝備(bei)等關鍵(jian)領域的(de)(de)核(he)(he)(he)心(xin)(xin)技術存在明顯的(de)(de)不足和短板，對我(wo)國工(gong)(gong)(gong)程機(ji)械(xie)行(xing)業(ye)奔向高(gao)(gao)質(zhi)量(liang)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)形(xing)成了明顯的(de)(de)制約。雖然，我(wo)國工(gong)(gong)(gong)程機(ji)械(xie)用(yong)鋼(gang)(gang)已經有(you)了一(yi)定的(de)(de)進(jin)步，但用(yong)鋼(gang)(gang)質(zhi)量(liang)整體(ti)水平不高(gao)(gao)，還有(you)部(bu)分高(gao)(gao)端(duan)鋼(gang)(gang)材(cai)需(xu)要(yao)依(yi)靠進(jin)口，與國外同類產品相比，在耐久性、可(ke)靠性上(shang)的(de)(de)差(cha)距還較大。《工(gong)(gong)(gong)程機(ji)械(xie)行(xing)業(ye)“十四五”發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)規劃》提出，到2025年，90%以(yi)上(shang)的(de)(de)核(he)(he)(he)心(xin)(xin)基(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)零部(bu)件、關鍵(jian)基(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)材(cai)料(liao)實現自主保障，逐步形(xing)成整機(ji)牽引、基(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)支撐(cheng)、協調(diao)互(hu)動的(de)(de)產業(ye)創新發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)格局。與此同時(shi)，工(gong)(gong)(gong)程機(ji)械(xie)行(xing)業(ye)也應該要(yao)打造(zao)覆(fu)蓋產業(ye)鏈的(de)(de)協同創新體(ti)系(xi)，加(jia)速核(he)(he)(he)心(xin)(xin)零部(bu)件及(ji)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程機(ji)械(xie)用(yong)鋼(gang)(gang)技術突破和加(jia)速趕超，實現進(jin)口高(gao)(gao)端(duan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程機(ji)械(xie)用(yong)鋼(gang)(gang)的(de)(de)大面積(ji)替代，從而(er)增強工(gong)(gong)(gong)程機(ji)械(xie)行(xing)業(ye)的(de)(de)核(he)(he)(he)心(xin)(xin)競爭力。